Cultural Diversity And Community Nursing /Environmental Health
- Discuss various theories of health promotion, including Pender’s Health Promotion Model, The Health Belief Model, the Transtheoretical Theory, and the Theory of Reasoned Action.
- List and discuss health behaviors for health promotion and disease prevention.
- Apply and discuss the principles of transcultural nursing to community health nursing.
- Apply and discuss the basic concepts of critical theory to environmental health nursing problems.
Health Promotion and Risk Reduction
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Health Promotion and Risk Reduction
Cultural Diversity and Community Nursing /Environmental Health
In a globe where prevention is uppermost, health enhancement and risk reduction develop to support proactive well-being, authorizing individuals to seize control of their health and encapsulate a vitality future. Health enhancement and risk reduction are vital to maintaining overall well-being and averting disorder. Health promotion aims to authorize individuals and communities and control their health through education, awareness, and healthy lifestyle decisions (Nutbeam, 2019). It entails encouraging regular physical activity, enhancing nutritious eating habits, and promoting mental and emotional well-being. On the other hand, risk reduction focuses on reducing the opportunities for developing health issues by recognizing and addressing possible risks. This may entail executing safety measures, like using seat belts and practicing safe sex, including raising awareness about the harmful impacts of smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and poor dietary decisions. By highlighting health enhancement and risk reduction, individuals can develop informed decisions, resulting in healthier lives and lessening the burden of preventable disorders. This paper will explore numerous theories of health promotion, including Pender’s health promotion model, the health belief model, the trans theoretical theory and the theory of reasoned action, discuss health behaviors for health promotion and disease prevention, the principles of transcultural nursing to community health nursing, and the basic concept of critical theory to environmental health nursing problems.
Traversing Theories of Health Enhancement: Pender’s Model, Health Belief Model, Trans theoretical Theory, and Theory of Reasoned Action
Several theories of health promotion offer frameworks for comprehending and directing individuals’ behaviors connected to health. Pender’s health enhancement model highlights the interaction among personal factors, behavior-specific cognitions and impacts, and the social and physical environment (Khoshnood et al., 2018). It put forward the individuals enrolling in health-enhancing behaviors structured on their perceived profits and barriers, self-efficacy, action-related impact, interpersonal influences, and situational impacts. On the other hand, the health belief model highlights that individuals’ health behaviors are impacted by their perceived vulnerability to a health issue, the extremity of the problem, the profits and restrictions of taking action, and the action signal (Jose et al., 2021). It highlights the perceived threat’s role and effectiveness in encouraging behavior change. The trans theoretical theory is also termed as the stages of change model, proposing that individuals go through different phases when changing behaviors. It emphasizes the necessity of tailoring interventions to individuals’ readiness to change and concedes that relapse is a normal part of the change procedures. Finally, the theory of reasoned action aims at the impact of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on intention and behavior (Nisson & Earl, 2020). It highlights that individuals are most likely to enroll in behavior; they have emphatic attitudes toward it, perceive social pressure to perform it and trust they have control over it. Such theories offer valuable insights into factors impacting health behaviors and can inform the growth of effectual health enhancement intervention
Health Behaviors for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health behaviors play a vital role in both health enhancement and disorder prevention. This behavior covers various actions individuals can take to improve their well-being and minimize the risk of developing numerous health statuses. Regular physical activity is a crucial health behavior that enhances cardiovascular health, nourishes muscles and bones, and assists in weight management (Foster et al., 2018). A stabilized and nutritious diet is also a vital behavior, supporting overall health, offering vital nutrients, preventing chronic disorders, and maintaining healthy body weight. Keeping away from tobacco and smoking and chewing tobacco is a crucial behavior for disorder prevention, as it significantly lessens the risk of lung cancer and heart disorders, among other respiratory disorders. Restricting alcohol intake is also essential, as excessive drinking can result in liver damage, addiction, and escalated risk of accidents. In addition, having safe sex by using barrier methods and regular screening for sexually transmitted disorders enables the prevention and the spread of disorders (Wood & Gudka, 2018). Sufficient sleep, stress management methods, and regular health check-ups further contribute to health enhancement and disorder prevention. By adopting such health behaviors, individuals can entitle themselves to have healthier lives and minimize the likelihood of developing preventable disorders.
The Principles of Transcultural Nursing to Community Health Nursing
Transcultural nursing is a comprehensive perspective that identifies and values cultural diversity in healthcare delivery. When pertained to community health nursing, transcultural nursing principles spotlight the necessity of comprehending and respecting the cultural beliefs, practices, and values of the individual and communities being provided (Değer, 2018). Community health nurses endeavor to offer culturally competent care by ardently seeking to bridge cultural gaps and enhance effectual communication. They enroll in cultural evaluation to recognize diverse populations’ distinctive health requirements and preferences, adapting their interventions accordingly. By involving cultural responsiveness, community health nurses can develop trust, encourage collaboration, and improve community health outcomes. In addition, transcultural nursing principles highlight the enhancement of social justice, advocating for an equitable approach to healthcare services for all individuals, regardless of their cultural background. By combining such principles into their practice, community health nurses can subscribe to developing culturally inclusive healthcare systems, addressing the diverse requirements of the population they provide.
The Basic Concepts of Critical Theory to Environmental Health Nursing Problems
Critical theory is a practical framework for assessing environmental health nursing issues from a social justice approach. One common basic concept of critical theory is the point that power basis and social inequalities shape the distribution of environmental risk and resources (Bolin & Kurtz, 2018). In the circumstances of environmental health nursing, it means identifying vulnerable populations, like low-income communities or marginalized groups, who are frequently disproportionately exposed to environmental dangers and lack an approach to clean and healthy environments. Critical theory also highlights the necessity of challenging dominant narratives and ideas, perpetuating environmental injustices. Environmental health nurses can utilize critical theory by advocating for policy differences, enrolling in community organizing, and raising awareness of the social determinants of health. By crucially assessing the root causes of environmental health disparities and working concerning transformative determinations, nurses can subscribe to developing a more equitable and feasible environment for all.
Conclusion
An inclusive perspective on health enhancement and risk reduction needs the integration of numerous theories and concepts. Pender’s model, the health belief model, the trans theoretical theory and the theory of reasoned action offer frameworks for comprehending individual health behaviors and directing interventions. Health behaviors like adopting a healthy lifestyle and enrolling in disorder-prevention activities are vital in enhancing overall well-being. In addition, applying the principles of transcultural nursing to community health nursing assists healthcare providers in offering culturally delicate and necessary care to diverse populations. Furthermore, incorporating the basic concepts of critical theory into environmental health nursing permits for essential assessment of power structures and social inequalities, contributing to environmental health disparities. By inscribing these problems, healthcare professionals can work towards gaining impartial and feasible health outcomes for all individuals and communities.
References
Bolin, B., & Kurtz, L. C. (2018). Race, class, ethnicity, and disaster vulnerability. Handbook of disaster research, 181-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_10
Değer, V. B. (2018). Transcultural nursing. Nursing, 39.
Foster, C., Moore, J. B., Singletary, C. R., & Skelton, J. A. (2018). Physical activity and family‐based obesity treatment: a review of expert recommendations on physical activity in youth. Clinical obesity, 8(1), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/cob.12230
Jose, R., Narendran, M., Bindu, A., Beevi, N., Manju, L., & Benny, P. V. (2021). Public perception and preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic: a health belief model approach. Clinical epidemiology and global health, 9, 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.06.009
Khoshnood, Z., Rayyani, M., & Tirgari, B. (2018). Theory analysis for Pender’s health promotion model (HPM) by Barnum’s criteria: a critical perspective. International Journal of adolescent medicine and Health, 32(4), 20170160. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2017-0160
Nisson, C., & Earl, A. (2020). The theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology, 755-761. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057840.ch129
Nutbeam, D. (2019). Health education and health promotion revisited. Health Education Journal, 78(6), 705-709. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896918770215
Wood, H., & Gudka, S. (2018). Pharmacist-led screening in sexually transmitted infections: current perspectives. Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, 67-82.
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